> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://university.obvious.in/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://university.obvious.in/product-design/microcopy/how-to-write-well.md).

# How to write well

## 👋 Introduction

All text in digital products is microcopy. When used well, it reduces confusion, creates confidence, provides feedback, encourages actions, improves conversions and reinforces brand familiarity.

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## 1️⃣ Good copy in the wild

You will find microcopy everywhere in interfaces—button labels, error messages, tooltips, onboarding instructions, form field placeholders, and even the labels on navigation elements. Here’s a small curation.

<figure><img src="/files/eTluiK22HW9zDTfm1vs7" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

> During onboarding, titles and buttons invite the user to explore and get started. In user guides, step-by-step breakdown of features helps users learn how to use the product.

<figure><img src="/files/i5q2MyjSuo1GaXJqdHTQ" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

> On forms, field titles, placeholders and descriptions assist users to fill the form correctly in fewer attempts. On search pages, category titles and labels make the content structure visible to the user.

<figure><img src="/files/JratgIJXAsN6OnkQISuN" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

> On bottom sheets, titles, instructions and feedback explain what happened, what to do differently next time, available next steps, and what to expect on picking an option.

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## 2️⃣ The 4-step edit

Writing good copy can be easy. This exercise will get you to 80% of the way really quickly. Use it to write everything from short phrases for buttons, complete sentences for error messages, and entire paragraphs for how-to guides.

### **Make it purposeful**

Put down everything important and relevant for the user. Leave out nothing. It’s okay if it’s long.

### **Make it concise**

Rewrite the message to be shorter without losing the essence. Decide if the focus is the verb or the noun and lead with that.

### **Make it conversational**

If the message sounds abrupt or machine-like, rewrite it like a person would say it. Writing in active voice helps.

### **Make it clear**

Finally, check if the intended message might be confusing to users in any way. Testing with teammates and users helps.

<figure><img src="/files/qwIpxKwSddH8G9Q7wqWi" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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